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Received October 18, 2025
Revised December 10, 2025
Accepted December 11, 2025
Available online November 22, 2025
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하이브리드 물질 시스템을 통한 실리콘 음극재의 부피 팽창 완화
Mitigating Volume Expansion in Silicon Anodes via Hybrid Material Systems
청주대학교
Cheongju University
tgkwon@cju.ac.kr
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, February 2026, 64(1), 105151
https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2026.64.1.105151
https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2026.64.1.105151
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Abstract
실리콘 (Si)은 흑연보다 10배 이상 높은 이론적 용량 (~4200 mAh/g)을 지닌 차세대 리튬 이온 배터리 음극재로 주목 받고 있으나 , 충방전 과정에서 400%에 달하는 부피 팽창으로 인해 입자 균열 , 집전체 박리 , 불안정한 고체 전해질 계 면(SEI) 형성 등 심각한 열화 문제가 발생한다 . 이를 해결하기 위해 실리콘은 다양한 하이브리드 재료 시스템과 결합 되어 연구되고 있다 . 본 논문은 실리콘 –탄소 , 실리콘 –금속 산화물 , 실리콘 –2차원 (2D) 재료 , 실리콘 –전도성 고분자 복 합체의 구조적 ·전기화학적 특성을 종합적으로 고찰하였다 . 하이브리드 시스템은 전기 전도성 향상 , 부피 팽창 완화 , SEI 안정화 , 기계적 강도 유지 등에서 시너지 효과를 발휘하며 실리콘 음극의 성능을 크게 개선한다 . 특히 요크 –쉘 (yolk–shell) 구조와 다중 쉘 설계는 장기 사이클 안정성 향상에 핵심적 역할을 한다 . 그러나 낮은 초기 쿨롱 효율 (ICE), 복잡한 제조 공정 및 확장성 한계가 여전히 상용화의 주요 과제로 남아 있다 . 향후 연구는 공정 단순화 , 표면 공학 , 비 용 효율적 하이브리드 구조 설계를 통해 실리콘 음극의 실질적 상용화를 가속화하는 데 초점을 두어야 한다 .
Silicon (Si) is a promising next-generation anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity (~4200 mAh g ) and low operating potential. However, severe volume expansion during cycling causes cracking, delamination, and unstable SEI formation. To address these challenges, hybrid systems combining Si with carbon, metal oxides, two-dimensional (2D) materials, or conductive polymers have been developed. These systems enhance electrical conductivity, buffer structural stress, and stabilize SEI layers. In particular, yolk–shell and multi-shell architectures effectively accommodate large volume changes and improve cycling stability. Despite significant progress, low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), complex synthesis, and limited scalability hinder commercialization. Advances in scalable fabrication and surface engineering are essential for practical Si-based high-energy LIBs.
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