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Received February 2, 2026
Revised April 14, 2026
Accepted May 4, 2026
Available online May 20, 2026
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리튬이온배터리용 Mg Si 기반 다공성 실리콘 음극 복합소재의 전기화학적 특성
Electrochemical Characteristics of Porous Silicon Anode Composites Derived from Mg2Si for Li-ion Batteries
충북대학교
Chungbuk National University
jdlee@chungbuk.ac.kr
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, August 2026, 64(3), 105164
https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2026.64.3.105164
https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2026.64.3.105164
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Abstract
본 연구에서는 고용량 리튬이온 배터리용 음극소재로써 Mg Si 표면에 용매 조건을 조절하여 SiO 를 코팅한 후 마그네슘 열환원 및 에칭 공정을 통하여 다공성 실리콘을 제조하였다. 증류수 /에탄올 혼합용매를 사용한 다공성 실리콘은 큰 기공을 갖는 유사한 단일 구조가 합성되었으며, 증류수 단일 용매를 사용한 다공성 실리콘은 큰 기공을 갖는 코어와 작은 기공을 갖는 쉘로 이루어진 코어 -쉘 구조가 형성되었다. 다공성 실리콘의 전기화학적 성능을 개선하기 위하여 맥신 나노시트 (MXene nanosheet)와 정전기적 결합 및 폴리도파민을 이용한 탄소 코팅을 통해 다공성 실리콘 복합소재를 합성하였다. 코어 -쉘 구조의 증류수를 용매로 사용한 W-Mg(0.1)-Si(2.6)은 3614.6 mAh/g의 초기 용량과 4 C에서 1053.9 mAh/g의 용량을 보였다 또한, 혼합용매를 사용하고 맥신 나노시트 및 도파민으로 코팅된 E-Mg(0.1)-Si(2.6)@MN(1:5), E-Mg(0.1)-Si(2.6)@PDA(1:3) 음극 복합소재는 각각 4531.6, 3915.8 mAh/g의 초기 방전 용량을 보였으며, 4 C에서 1276.5, 1193.1 mAh/g의 용량을 나타내었다.
In this study, porous silicon was prepared by coating SiO₂ on the Mg₂Si surface under controlled solvent conditions, followed by magnesiothermic reduction and etching as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Porous silicon prepared using mixed solvents(ethanol/distilled water) formed a uniform porous structure with large pores. Porous silicon synthesized using distilled water exhibited a core–shell structure composed of the inner core with large pores and the shell layer with small pores. To improve the electrochemical performance, porous silicon composites were synthesized by the electrostatic assembly with MXene nanosheets and polydopamine-derived carbon coating. The W-Mg(0.1)-Si(2.6) with core-shell structure prepared using distilled water showed initial discharge capacity of 3614.6 mAh/g and high capacity of 1053.9 mAh/g at 4 C. The E-Mg(0.1)-Si(2.6)@MN(1:5) and E-Mg(0.1)-Si(2.6)@PDA(1:3) anode composites prepared by MXene nanosheets and polydopamine-derived carbon coating exhibited initial discharge capacities of 4531.6 and 3915.8 mAh/g and showed capacities of 1276.5 and 1193.1 mAh/g at 4 C.
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28. Tian, K., Song, Z., Zhou, Q., Guan, C., Lu, M., Zhang, M., Wei, D. and Li, X., “Silicon-carbon Anode with High Interfacial Sta- bility by a Facile Thermal Reaction Involving Alkaline Nitrogenous Carbon Source for Lithium Ion Batteries,” J. Energy Storage, 72, 108401(2023).
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2. Zhang, C., Wang, F., Han, J., Bai, S., Tan, J., Liu, J. and Li, F., “Chal- lenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐based Anode Materials for Next‐generation Lithium‐ion Batteries,” Small Struct., 2(6), 2100009(2021).
3. Ma, D., Cao, Z. and Hu, A., “Si-based Anode Materials for Li-ion Batteries: a Mini Review,” Nano-Micro Lett., 6(4), 347-358(2014).
4. Song, W. and Chae, O. B., “Surface-Coating Strategies of Si- Negative Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Batter- ies, 10(9), 327(2024).
5. Malay, O., Yilgor, I. and Menceloglu, Y. Z., “Effects of Solvent on TEOS Hydrolysis Kinetics and Silica Particle Size Under Basic Conditions,” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 67(2), 351-361(2013).
6. Yan, Y., Fu, J., Xu, L., Wang, T., and Lu, X., “Controllable Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles: Effects of Ammonia and Tetraethyl Orthosili- cate Concentration,” Micro & Nano Letters, 11(12), 885-889(2016).
7. Chen, M., Jing, Q. S., Sun, H. B., Xu, J. Q., Yuan, Z. Y., Ren, J. T., Dong, A. X, Huang, Z. Y. and Dong, M. Y., “Engineering the Core– shell-structured NCNTs-Ni2Si@porous Si Composite with Robust Ni–Si Interfacial Bonding for High-performance Li-ion Batter- ies,” Langmuir, 35(19), 6321-6332(2019).
8. You, S., Tan, H., Wei, L., Tan, W. and Chao Li, C., “Design Strat- egies of Si/C Composite Anode for Lithium‐ion Batteries,” Chem. Eur. J., 27(48), 12237-12256(2021).
9. Wang, F., Lin, S., Lu, X., Hong, R. and Liu, H., “Poly-dopamine Carbon-coated Stable Silicon/graphene/CNT Composite as Anode for Lithium ion Batteries,” Electrochimica Acta, 404, 139708(2022).
10. Kim, D. M. and Lee, J. D., “Electrochemical Characteristics of 2-Dimensional Titanium Carbide(MXene)/Silicon Anode Compos- ite Prepared by Electrostatic Self-assembly,” Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 62(3), 262-268(2024).
11. Xia, M., Chen, B., Gu, F., Zu, L., Xu, M., Feng, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, C. and Yang, J., “Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets as a Robust and Conductive Tight on Si Anodes Significantly Enhance Electrochemical Lithium Storage Performance,” ACS Nano, 14(4),5111-5120(2020).
12. Qi, D., Lin, C., Zhao, H., Liu, H. and Lü, T., “Size Regulation and Prediction of the SiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared via Stöber Process,” J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 38(1), 70-74(2017).
13. Yang, Z., Wu, C., Li, S., Qiu, L., Yang, Z., Zhong, Y., Zhong, B., Song, Y., Wang, G., Liu, Y. Wu, Z. and Guo, X., “A Unique Structure of Highly Stable Interphase and Self‐consistent Stress Distribution Radial‐gradient Porous for Silicon Anode,” Adv. Funct. Mater., 32(13), 2107897(2022).
14. Duan, P., Zhang, R., Wu, Z., Yang, Z., Li, H., Zhong, Y., Wang, Y. and Wang, X., “Design and Construction of Porous Silicon Materi- als as Stable Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 62(18), 6995-7006(2023).
15. Lee, H. Y. and Lee, J. D, “Electrochemical Characteristics of Porous Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Using Spherical Nano Silica,” Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 54(4), 459-464(2024).
16. Cai, Z., Xu, Z., Zhang, N., Peng, T., Tan, Y., Zhong, H., Liu, X. and Mai, Y., “Understanding Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms of All-Electrochem-Active Mg2Si Electrode in All-Solid-State Batteries,” Inorg. Chem., 63(47), 22542-22548(2024).
17. Zhao, L., He, Y. B., Li, C., Jiang, K., Wang, P., Ma, J. and Kang, F., “Compact Si/C Anodes Fabricated by Simultaneously Regulating the Size and Oxidation Degree of Si for Li-ion Batteries,” J. Mater. Chem. A, 7(42), 24356-24365(2019).
18. Guo, B., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. and Pan, M., “Double-layer Si/TiO2NTAs as High Performance Anode for Li-ion Batteries,” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 12(5), 4456-4464(2017).
19. Yan, M., Martell, S., Patwardhan, S. V., and Dasog, M., “Key Developments in Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica: Insights Into Reactivity and Future Prospects,” Chem. Sci., 15(39), 15954- 15967(2024).
20. Kim, H., Choi, W., Yoon, J., Um, J. H., Lee, W., Kim, J., Cabana, J., and Yoon, W. S., “Exploring Anomalous Charge Storage in Anode Materials for Next-generation Li Rechargeable Batter- ies,” Chem. Rev., 120(14), 6934-6976(2020).
21. Ko, W. Y., Fang, M. J., Li, M. S., Hsu, W. C., Huang, Y. W., Cheng, C. W., Hwang, J. B., Gwo, S. and Lin, K. J., “A Pearl-Chain-like Anode Composed of Silicon–Porphyrin Hits Peaks in Lithium-Ion Capacity,” ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 3(7), 6098-6106(2020).
22. Zhou, H., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Feng, S., Li, C., Marsili, E. and Zhang,X., “Silicon Nanospheres Supported on Conductive MXene Nanosheets as Anodes for Lithium-ion batteries,” ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 6(1), 160-169(2022).
23. Shi, L., Wang, W., Wang, A., Yuan, K., Jin, Z. and Yang, Y., “Scal- able Synthesis of Core-shell Structured SiOx/nitrogen-doped Carbon Composite as a High-performance Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries,” J. Power Sources, 318, 184-191(2016).
24. Lin, J., Liu, L., Peng, Y., Wu, C., Yang, X. and Zhou, N., “Rigid-flex- ible Coupling Modification Strategy Realized by Combining MXene with C-coated Microsilicon for Long-life Li-ion Battery,” ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 7(3), 1182-1191(2024).
25. Liu, W., Wang, J., Wang, J., Guo, X. and Yang, H., “Three-dimen- sional Nitrogen-doped Carbon Coated Hierarchically Porous Sili- con Composite As Lithium-ion Battery Anode,” J. Alloys Compd., 874, 159921(2021).
26. Li, X., Chen, Z., Li, A., Yu, Y., Chen, X. and Song, H., “Three- dimensional Hierarchical Porous Structures Constructed by Two- stage MXene-wrapped Si nanoparticles for Li-ion batteries,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 12(43), 48718-48728(2020).
27. Zhou, R., Guo, H., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Li, X. and Zhou, Y., “N- doped Carbon Layer Derived from Polydopamine to Improve the Electrochemical Performance of Spray-dried Si/graphite Composite Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries,” J. Alloys Compd., 689, 130-137(2016).
28. Tian, K., Song, Z., Zhou, Q., Guan, C., Lu, M., Zhang, M., Wei, D. and Li, X., “Silicon-carbon Anode with High Interfacial Sta- bility by a Facile Thermal Reaction Involving Alkaline Nitrogenous Carbon Source for Lithium Ion Batteries,” J. Energy Storage, 72, 108401(2023).
29. Lee, Y. S. and Ryu, K. S., “Study of the Lithium Diffusion Prop- erties and High Rate Performance of TiNb6O17 as An Anode in Lithium Secondary Battery,” Sci. Rep., 7(1), 16617(2017).
