산업 현장에서의 소화기 배치는 초기 화재 대응력 확보를 위한 핵심 요소이나 , 기존 방식은 전문가 경험과 주관적 판단에 의존하여 설치 위치 , 수량 , 커버리지 측면에서 정량적 기준이 미흡하다 . 이를 개선하기 위해 본 연구는 응답시간 최소화와 설치 수량 최소화를 동시에 고려한  Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP) 기반 소화기 배치 최적화 모 델을 제안하였다 . 제안 모델은 작업자 –소화기 –화재 간 이동 경로에서 장애물 회피를 반영하고 , 소화기별 커버 면적 , 작 업자 이동 속도 , 최대 대응 화재 수 등 실제 운영 조건을 제약조건으로 포함하였다 . 국내 공장 레이아웃에 적용한 결과 , 기 존 전문가 배치 대비 약 30% 적은 소화기 수로  100% 커버리지를 확보하였으며 , 최대 응답시간을  14초 이내로 단축 하였다 . 본 연구는 소화기 배치를 정량적 ·체계적으로 설계할 수 있는 방법을 제시하며 , 향후 스마트팩토리 안전 설계 자동화와  AI 기반 동적 배치 연구로의 확장 가능성을 보여준다 .

 Fire extinguisher placement in industrial facilities is a critical factor for effective initial fire response; however, conventional placement practices largely rely on expert experience and subjective judgment, resulting in insufficient quantitative criteria for location, quantity, and coverage. To address this limitation, this study proposes an MILP-based  optimization  model  that  simultaneously  minimizes  response  time  and  the  number  of  installed  fire extinguishers. The proposed model incorporates obstacle-avoiding travel paths between workers, extinguishers, and fire locations, as well as practical operational constraints such as extinguisher coverage area, worker walking speed, and the maximum number of fires assignable to each extinguisher. The model was applied to the layout of a manufacturing facility using grid-based spatial discretization and the results demonstrate that full coverage can be achieved with approximately 30% fewer extinguishers compared to expert-based layouts, while reducing the maximum response time to within 14 seconds.

Fire extinguisher, Placement optimization, MILP, Smart factory

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