This review examines the impact of doping cobalt ferrite with various transition and rare-earth elements on

its magnetic and structural properties. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles can be synthesized using multiple techniques, such as

co-precipitation, sol-gel, wet-chemical, hydrothermal, mechanochemical methods, and spark plasma sintering, often

followed by high-temperature calcination. Doping spinel ferrites with these elements can significantly enhance their

electrical and magnetic characteristics, making them suitable for diverse applications, including gas sensors, dye degradation,

magnetically separable adsorbents, magnetic data storage, tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR), and magnetic fieldassisted

radionuclide therapy. Furthermore, substituting metallic ions with superior dopants can improve their overall

physical performance. This study also explores the potential structural and magnetic applications of cobalt ferrite

nanoparticles doped with transition and rare-earth elements.

Nanoparticles, Ferrites, Application, Magnetic properties, Doping, Hysteresis

1. Kumar, A. R., Kumar, R. K. V. G., Chakra, C. S. and Rao, K. V.,“Silver Doped Manganese–zinc–ferrite Nano Flowers for BiomedicalApplications,” Int. J. Emerging Technol. Adv. Eng., 4,2250-2459(2014).2. Maaz, K., Mumtaz, A., Hasanain, S. K. and Ceylan, A., “Synthesisand Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) NanoparticlesPrepared by Wet Chemical Route,” Journal of Magnetism andMagnetic Materials., 308(2), 289-295(2007).3. Allaedini, G., Tasirin, S. M. and Aminayi, P., “Magnetic Propertiesof Cobalt Ferrite Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method,” InternationalNano Letters., 5, 183-186(2015).4. Gyergyek, S., Makovec, D., Kodre, A., Arcon, I., Jagodic, M.and Drofenik, M., “Influence of Synthesis Method on Structuraland Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Journalof Nanoparticle Research, 12, 1263-1273(2010).5. Houshiar, M., Zebhi, F., Razi, Z. J., Alidoust, A. and Askari, Z.,“Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles Using Combustion,Coprecipitation, and Precipitation Methods: A ComparisonStudy of Size, Structural, and Magnetic Properties,” Journal ofMagnetism and Magnetic Materials, 371, 43-48(2014).6. Swatsitang, E., Phokha, S., Hunpratub, S., Usher, B., Bootchanont,A., Moensiri, S. and Chindraprasirt, P., “Characterization andMagnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Journal ofAlloys and Compounds, 664, 792-797(2016).7. Andhare, D. D., Patade, S. R., Kounsalye, J. S. and Jadhav, K.M., “Effect of Zn Doping on Structural, Magnetic and OpticalProperties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized via. CoprecipitationMethod,” Physica B: Condensed Matter., 583, 412051(2020).8. Nikmanesh, H., Eshraghi, M. and Karimi, S., “Cation Distribution,Magnetic and Structural Properties of CoCrxFe2-xO4: Effectof Calcination Temperature and Chromium Substitution,” Journalof Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 471, 294-303(2019).9. Rani, J. B., Ravina, M., Saravanakumar, B., Ravi, G., Ganesh,V., Ravichandran, S. and Yuvak kumar, R., “Ferrimagnetism inCobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles,” Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 14, 84-91(2018).10. Nlebedim, I. C., Snyder, J. E., Moses, A. J. and Jiles, D. C.,“Dependence of the Magnetic and Magnetoelastic Properties ofCobalt Ferrite on Processing Parameters,” Journal of Magnetismand Magnetic Materials, 322(24), 3938-3942(2010).11. Muscas, G., Cobianchi, M., Lascialfari, A., Cannas, C., Musinu,A. and Omelyanchik, A., “Magnetic Interactions Versus MagneticAnisotropy in Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles,” IEEE Magnetics Letters,10, 1-12(2019).12. Ghosh, M. P. and Mukherjee, S., “Microstructural, Magnetic, andHyperfine Characterizations of Cu-doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,”Journal of American Ceramic Society, 102(12), 7509-7520(2019).13. Sharifianjazi, F., Moradi, M., Parvin, N., Jafari, A., Nemati, A.,Rad, A. and Sheysi, N., “Magnetic CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles Dopedwith Metal Ions: a Review,” Ceramics International, 46(11), 18391-18412(2020).14. Ateia, E. E., Abdelmaksoud, M. K., Arman, M. M. and Shafaay,A. S., “Comparative Study on the Physical Properties of Rareearth-substituted Nano-sized CoFe2O4,” Applied Physics A, 126,1-10(2020).15. Debnath, B., Salunke, H. G. and Bhattacharyya, S., “Spin Disorderand Particle Size Effects in Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles withUnidirectional Anisotropy and Permanent Magnet-like Characteristics,”The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124, 25992-26000(2020).16. Ravindra, K. N., Krishna, K. S., Akhilesh, K. P. and Vaishali, B.,“Green Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Properties ofSm Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” AIP Conference Proceedings,070026(2020).17. Prabhakaran, T., Mangalaraja, R., Denardin, J. C. and Jiménez,J. A., “The Effect of Reaction Temperature on the Structural andMagnetic Properties of Nano CoFe2O4,” Ceram. Int. 43, 5599-5606(2017).18. Asiri, S., Sertkol, M., Guner, S., Gungunes, H., Batoo, K. M., Saleh,T. A., Sozeri, H., Almessiere, M. A., Manikandan, A. and Baykal,A., “Hydrothermal Synthesis of CoyZnyMn1-2yFe2O4 Nanoferrites:Magneto-optical Investigation,” Ceramics International., 44(5),5751-5759(2018).19. Dhiwahar, A. T., Sundararajan, M., Sakthivel, P., Dash, C. S. andYuvraj, S., “Microwave-assisted Combustion Synthesis of Pure andZinc-doped Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles: Structural, Morphological,Optical, Vibrational, and Magnetic Behavior,” Journal ofPhysics and Chemistry of Solids, 138, 109257(2020).20. Henderson, C. M. B., Charnock, J. M. and Plant, D. A., “CationOccupancies in Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Al Ferrite Spinels: a Multi-elementEXAFS Study,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter., 19, 76214(2007).21. Joshi, C. S., Srivastava, R. C. and Joshi, A., “Structural, Magneticand Dielectric Properties of Cerium-doped Manganese–cobaltFerrite Nanoparticles,” Materials Science and Technology, 5, (2024).22. Somaiah, N., Tanjore, V., Jayaraman, J. P. A. and Das, D., “Magneticand Magnetoelastic Properties of Zn-doped Cobalt-ferrites-CoFe2−xZnxO4 (x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3),” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.,324, 2286-2291(2012).23. Akhtar, M., Hasan, M. S., Amin, N., Morley, N. A. and Arshad,M. I., “Tuning Structural, Electrical, Dielectric and Magnetic Propertiesof Mg–Cu–Co Ferrites via Dysprosium (Dy3+) Doping,”Journal of Rare Earths, 42(1), 137-146(2024).24. Almessiere, M., Slimani, Y., Korkmaz, A., Guner, S., Sertkol.,Shirsath, S. E. and Baykal, A., “Sonochemical Synthesis andPhysical Properties of Co0.3Ni0.5Mn0.2EuxFe2−xO4 Nano-spinelFerrites,” Ultrasonics sonochemistry 54, 1-10(2019).25. Amiri, S. and Shokrollahi, H., “Magnetic and Structural Propertiesof RE Doped Co-ferrite (RE, Nd, Eu, and Gd) Nano-particlesSynthesized by co-precipitation,” Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials., 345, 18-23(2013).26. Angadi, V. J., Rudraswamy, B., Sadhana, K., Murthy, S. R. andPraveena, K., “Effect of Sm3+/Gd3+ on Structural, Electrical andMagnetic Properties of Mn–Zn Ferrites Synthesized Via CombustionRoute,” J. Alloy Compd., 656, 5-12(2016).27. Ahmad, A., Khan, H. M., Imran, M., Assiri, M. A., Sadiq, I., Ahmad,N., Hajana, M. I., Ghoul, J. E., Alrub, S. A. and Elqahtani, Z. M.,“Study of Cu-Zn Spinel Ferrites on Europium Substitution forHigh-Frequency Applications,” Journal of Electronic Materials, 53,1685-1693(2024).28. Avazpour, L., Shokrollahi, H., Toroghinejad, M. and Khajeh, M.Z., “Effect of Rare Earth Substitution on Magnetic and StructuralProperties of Co1−xRExFe2O4 (RE: Nd, Eu) nanoparticles preparedvia EDTA/EG assisted sol–gel synthesis,” Journal of Alloys andCompounds., 662, 441-447(2016).29. Kumar, K. E., Manikandan, A., Muthulingam, S., Dinesh, A., Thanrasu,K., Raja, K. K. and Kumar R. T., “Biomedical Applicationsof Rare Earth Element (REE) Doped Magnetic Ferrite Nanoparticlesand Nanocomposites,” Magnetic Nanoparticles and PolymerNanocomposites, 49-77(2024).30. Zhao, X., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, S., Li, F. and Liu, J. P.,“Synthesis and Characterization of Gadolinium Doped CobaltFerrite Nanoparticles with Enhanced Adsorption Capability forCongo Red,” Chemical Engineering Journal., 250, 164-174(2014).31. Bajaj, S., Andhare, D. D., Jadhav, S. A. and Shinde, S., “LowTemperature Synthesis of in Doped Cobalt Ferrite and Investigationsof Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties,” SolidState Communications, 360, 1150167(2023).32. Nongjai, R., Khan, S., Asokan, K., Ahmed, H. and Khan, I.,“Magnetic and Electrical Properties of In Doped Cobalt FerriteNanoparticles,” Journal of Applied Physics., 112(8), 084321(2012).33. Kanna, R. R., Sakthipandi, K., Mohamed, A. M. S. M. S., Lenin,N. and Sivabharathy, M., “Doping Effect of Rare-earth (lanthanum,neodymium and gadolinium) Ions on Structural, Optical,Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Copper Nanoferrites,” Journalof Rare Earths, 36(12), 1299-1309(2018).34. Srinivasan, S., Paknikar, K.M., Bodas, D. and Gajbhiye, V.,“Applications of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles in BiomedicalNanotechnology,” Nanomedicine, 13(10), 1221-1238(2018).35. Baig, N., Kammakakam, I., Falath, W. and Kammakakam, I., “Nanomaterials:A Review of Synthesis Methods, Properties, RecentProgress, and Challenges,” Mater Adv 2, 1821-71(2021).36. Hachem, K., Ansari, M. J., Saleh, R. O., Kzar, H. H., Al-Gazally,M. E. and Altimari, U. S., “Methods of Chemical Synthesis inthe Synthesis of Nanomaterial and Nanoparticles by the ChemicalDeposition Method: a Review,” Bio Nano Science, 12, 1032-57(2022).37. Nikam, A. V., Prasad, B. L. V. and Kulkarni, A. A., “Wet ChemicalSynthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: a Review,” CrystEng Comm. 20, 5091-107(2018).38. Abidin, M. Z., Ikram, M., Moeen, S., Nazir, G., Kanoun, M. B.and Goumri-Said, S., “A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesisof Ferrite Nanomaterials via Bottom-up and Top-down ApproachesAdvantages, Disadvantages, Characterizations and ComputationalInsights,” Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 520, 216158(2024).39. Imine, S., Schoenstein, F., Mercone, S., Zaghrioui, M., Bettahar,N. and Jouini, N., “Bottom-up and New Compaction Processes:A Way to Tunable Properties of Nanostructured Cobalt FerriteCeramics,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31, 2943-2955(2011).40. Sarkar, C., Ghosh, C. and Roy, S., “Nanotechnology: Synthesisto Applications, Book Nanotechnology,” CRC Press, Boca Raton(2018).41. Krishnan, K., “Fundamentals and Applications of Magnetic Materials,”Oxford University Press New York (2016).42. Kazylinski, D., Garratt-Reed, A. and Frankel, R., “Electron MicroscopicStudies of Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria,”Microsc. Res. Technol., 27(5), 389-401(1994).43. El-Sayed, R., El-Sayed, Heba, K., Abdelhakim, and Zainab, Z.,“Extracellular Biosynthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles byMonascus purpureus and Their Antioxidant, Anticancer andAntimicrobial Activities: Yield Enhancement by Gamma Irradiation,”Materials Science and Engineering: C, 107, 110318(2020).44. Macro, B. A., Rechelo, B. S., Totoli, E. G., Kogawa, A. C. andSalgado, H. R. N., “Evolution of Green Chemistry and Its MultidimensionalImpacts: A Review,” Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal,27(1), 1-8(2019).45. Sibi, M. G., Verma, D. and Kim, J., “Magnetic Core–shell Nanocatalysts:Promising Versatile Catalysts for Organic and PhotocatalyticReactions,” Catalysis Reviews, 62(2), 163-311(2020).46. Ying, Z. N., Qi, M., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Chen, M., Li, K., Shum, P.and Wei, L., “One-step Synthesis of Cyclodextrin-capped GoldNanoparticles for Ultra-sensitive and Highly-integrated PlasmonicBiosensors,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 286, 429-436(2019).47. Tan, X., Wang, X., Liu, Q., Zhou, J., Zhang, P., Zheng, S. andMiao, S., “Bio-gel Template Synthesis of CoFe2O4 Nano-catalystsand Application in Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexane,” InternationalJournal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(30), 19001-19009(2017).48. Menchaca-Nal, S., Calderon, C. L., Cerrutti, P., Foresti, M. L.,Pampillo, L., Bilovol, V., Candal, R. and Garcia, R. M., “FacileSynthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanotubes Using Bacterial Nanocelluloseas Template,” Carbohydrate Polymers, 137, 726-731(2016).49. Hashemi, S. M., Ataollahi, Z., Hasani, S. and Seifoddini, A.,“Synthesis of the Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles by Sol–gelAuto-combustion Method in the Presence of Egg White (albumin),”Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 106, 23-36(2023).50. Gabal, M. A., Katowah, D. F., Hussein, M. A., Al-Juaid, A. A.,Awad, A., Abdel-Daiem, A. M., Saeed, A., Hessien, M. M. andAsiri, A. M., “Structural and Magnetoelectrical Properties ofMFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, and Zn) Ferrospinels Synthesized viaan Egg-White Biotemplate,” ACS Omega, 6(34), 22180-22187(2021).51. Chandran, S. P., Chaudhary, M., Pasricha, R., Ahmad, A. and Sastry,M., “Synthesis of Gold Nanotriangles and Silver NanoparticlesUsing Aloevera Plant Extract,” Biotechnology Progress.,22(2), 577-583(2006).52. Shiv, S. S., Akhilesh, R., Absar, A. and Murali, S., “Rapid Synthesisof Au, Ag, and Bimetallic Au Core–Ag Shell NanoparticlesUsing Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Broth,” Journal of Colloidand Interface Science., 275(2), 496-502(2004).53. Tamboli, Q. Y., Patange, S. M., Mohanta, Y. K., Sharma, R. andZakde, K. R., “Green Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles:An Emerging Material for Environmental and Biomedical Applications,”Journal of Nanomaterials, 1-15(2023).54. Velayutham, L., Parvathiraja, C., Anitha, D. C., Mahalakshmi, K.,Jenila, M., Alasmary, F. A., Almalki, A. S., Iqbal, A. and Lai, W.C., “Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticlesfrom Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Plant Extract,” Nanomaterials,12(20), 3668(2022).55. Kalia, S., Kumar, A., Munjal, N. and Prasad, N., “Synthesis ofFerrites Using Various Parts of Plants: a Mini Review,” J. Phys.Conf. Ser., 1964(2021).56. Tatarchuka, T., Liaskovskaa, M., Kotsyubynsky, V. and Bououdina,M., “Green Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles UsingCydonia oblonga Extract: Structural and Mössbauer Studies,”Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 672(1), 54-66(2018).57. Xing, Y., Jin, Y. Y., Si, J. C., Peng, M. L., Wang, X. F., Chen, C.,and Cui, Y. L., “Controllable Synthesis and Characterization ofFe3O4/Au Composite Nanoparticles,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.,380, 150-156(2015).58. Drbohlavova, J., Hrdy, R., Adam, V., Kizek, R., Schneeweiss, O.and Hubalek, J., “Preparation and Properties of Various MagneticNanoparticles,” Sensors., 9(4), 2352-2362(2009).59. Sanchez-Martinez, A., Ceballos-Sanchez, O., Koop-Santa, C., López-Mena, E. R., Orozco-Guareño, E. and García-Guaderrama, M.,“N-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Obtained by a Facile CoprecipitationMethod at Low Temperature,” Ceram. Int., 44(5), 5273-5283(2018).60. Zhao, S., Guo, J., Li, W., Guo, H. C. and You, B., “Fabricationof Cobalt Aluminate Nanopigments by Coprecipitation Methodin Threonine Waterborne Solution,” Dyes Pigm., 151, 130-139,(2018).61. Albalah, M. A., Alsabah, Y. A. and Mustafa, D. E., “Characteristicsof co-precipitation Synthesized Cobalt Nanoferrites and TheirPotential in Industrial Wastewater Treatment,” SN Applied., 2,804(2020).62. Dey, A. and Saini, B., “Effect of Various Surfactant Templateson the Physicochemical Properties of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles,”Materials today: Proceeding, 61(2), 351-355(2022).63. Gul, H., Maqsood, A., Naeem, M. and Ashiq, M. N., “Optical,Magnetic and Electrical Investigation of Cobalt Ferrite NanoparticlesSynthesized by co-precipitation Route,” Journal of Alloysand Compounds, 507(1), 201-206(2010).64. Samavati, A. and Ismail, A. F., “Antibacterial Properties of Copper-substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by CoprecipitationMethod,” Particuology, 30, 158-163(2017).65. Mulens, V., Morales, M. D. P. and Barber, D. F., “Developmentof Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Gene Therapy: A ComprehensiveReview,” ISRN Nanomater, 1-14(2013).66. Sriondee, M., Dungsuwan, W. and Thountom, S., “Synthesisand Characterization of Bi0.5(Na1-xKx) 0.5TiO3 Powders by Sol–gelCombustion Method with Glycine Fuel,” Ceram. Int., 44, S168-S171(2018).67. Yu, S., Jing, W., Tang, M., Xu, T., Yin, W. and Kang, B., “Fabricationof Nd: YAG Transparent Ceramics Using Powders Synthesizedby Citrate Sol-gel Method,” J. Alloys. Compds., 772,751-759(2019).68. Hao, S., Lin, T., Ning, S. H., Qi, Y., Deng, Z. and Wang, Y. G.,“Research on Cracking of SiO2 Nanofilms Prepared by the SolgelMethod,” Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 91, 181-187(2019).69. Xu, H., Xin, L., Liu, L., Pang, D., Jiao, Y., Cong, R. and Wei, Yu.,“Large Area MoS2/Si Heterojunction-based Solar Cell ThroughSol-gel Method,” Mater. Lett., 238, 13-16(2019).70. Sajjia, M., Oubaha, M., Hasanuzzaman, M. and Olabi, A. G.,“Developments of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by theSol–gel Process,” Ceramics International, 40(1), 1147-1154(2014).71. Maksoud, A., El-Sayyad, G. S., Labib, S., Abdeltwab, E. andOkr, M. M., “Antimicrobial Activity of Metal-substituted CobaltFerrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol–gel Technique,” Particuology,40, 141-151(2018).72. Hunyek, A., Sirisathithul, C., Harding, P. and Harding, D. J.,“Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrites SynthesizedUsing Sol-gel Techniques,” Materials Science-Poland, 30,278-281(2012).73. Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Xu, X., Dong, Y. and Zhang, L., “Developmentof a Validated HPLC Method for the Determination ofTenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Using a Green Enrichment Process,”Anal Methods, 7(15), 6290-6298(2015).74. Wongpratat, U., Maensiri, S. and Swatsitang, E., “EXAFS Studyof Cations Distribution Dependence of Magnetic Properties inCo1−xZnxFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Hydrothermal Method,”Microelectronic Engineering., 146, 68-75(2015).75. Li, M., Liu, X., Xu, T., Nie, Y., Li, H. and Zhang, C., “Synthesisand Characterization of Nanosized MnZn Ferrites via a ModifiedHydrothermal Method,” Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials., 439, 228-235(2017).76. Obreja, P., Cristea, D., Dinescu, A. and Romaniţan, C., “Influenceof Surface Substrates on the Properties of ZnO NanowiresSynthesized by Hydrothermal Method,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 463,1117-1123(2019).77. Qiu, W., Feng, X. Q., Zhang, H. Y. and Huang, H. S., “Synthesisand Luminescence Properties of CaB4O7:Eu3+ via Two-step HydrothermalMethod,” Optik, 182,1039-1045(2019).78. Fayazzadeh, S., Khodaei, M., Arani, M., Mahdavi, S. R., Nizamov,T. and Majouga, A., “Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Hyperthermiaof Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by HydrothermalMethod,” Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism,33, 2227-2233(2020).79. Refat, N. M., Nassar, M. Y. and Sadeek, S. A., “A ControllableOne-pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Spherical Cobalt FerriteNanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties,”RSC Adv, 12, 25081-25095(2022).80. Santibenchakul, S., Sirijaturaporn, P., Mekprasart, W. and Pechrapa,W., “Ga-doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sonochemical-assisted Process,” Materials Today Proceeding, 5(6), 13865-13869(2018).81. Panahi-Kalamuei, M., Mousavi-Kamazani, M., Salavati-Niasari,M. and Hosseinpour-Mashkani, S. M., “A Simple SonochemicalApproach for Synthesis of Selenium Nanostructures and Investigationof Its Light Harvesting Application,” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,23, 246-256(2015).82. Okoli, C. U., Kuttiyiel, K. A., Cole, J., McCutchen, J., Tawfik,H., Adzic, R. R. and Mahajan, D., “Solvent Effect in SonochemicalSynthesis of Metal-alloy Nanoparticles for Use As Electrocatalysts,”Ultrasonics Sonochemistry., 41, 427-434(2018).83. Muradov, M. B., Balayeva, O. O., Azizov, A. A., Maharramov.A. M., Qahramanli, L. R., Eyvazova, G. M. and Aghamaliyev, Z.A., “Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticlesby Sonochemical Method,” Infrared Physics & Technology.,89, 255-262(2018).84. Goswami, P. P., Choudhury, H. A., Chakma, S. and Moholkar, V.S., “Sonochemical Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,”International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013, 1-6(2013).85. Puspitasari, P. and Budia, L. S., “Physical and Magnetic PropertiesComparison of Cobalt Ferrite Nanopowder Using Sol-geland Sonochemical Methods,” IJE Transactions B: Applications,33(5), 877-884(2020).86. Hankare, P. P., Sanadi, K. R., Garadkar, K. M., Patil, D. R. andMulla, J. S., “Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel SubstitutedCobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles by Sol–gel Auto-combustionMethod,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 553, 383-388(2013).87. Bhagwat, V. R., Humbe, A. V., More, S. D. and Jadhav, K. M.,“Sol-gel Auto Combustion Synthesis and Characterizations ofCobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles: Different Fuels Approach,” MaterialsScience and Engineering: B, 248, 114388(2019).88. Ahmadi, R., Siefoddini, A., Hasany, M. and Hasani, S., “CobaltFerrite Nanoparticles Synthesis by Sol–gel Auto-combustion Methodin the Presence of Agarose: a Non-isothermal Kinetic Analysis,”Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 147, 12217-12230(2022).89. Sharma, R. P., Raut, S. D., Mulani, R. M., Kadam, A. S. andMane, R. S., “Sol–gel Auto-combustion Mediated Cobalt FerriteNanoparticles: A Potential Material for Antimicrobial Applications,”International Nano Letters, 9, 141-147(2019).90. Tago, T., Hatsuka, T., Miyajima, K., Kishida, M., Tashiro, S. andWakabayashi, K., “Novel Synthesis of Silica-coated FerriteNanoparticles Prepared Using Water-in-oil Microemulsion,”Journal of American Ceramic Society., 85(9), 2188-94(2002).91. Košak, A., Makovec, D., Žnidaršič, A. and Drofenik, M., “Preparationof MnZn-ferrite with Microemulsion Technique,” Journal ofthe European Ceramic Society., 24(6), 959-962(2004).92. Islam, M. B., Pavel, M. R., Islam, M. R. and Haque, M. J., “Synthesisof Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Using MicroemulsionMethod: Structure, Morphology, and Magnetic Properties,” Journalof Engineering Science, 13(1), 81-87(2022).93. Ying, S., Guan, Z., Ofoegbu, P. C., Clubb, P., Rico, C., He, F.,and Hong, J., “Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Current Developmentsand Limitations,” Environmental Technology & Innovation.26, 102336(2022).94. Jianhui, L. J., Cao, D., Wang, W. and Smit. B., “Doping of Alkali,Alkaline-Earth, and Transition Metals in Covalent-Organic Frameworksfor Enhancing CO2 Capture by First-Principles Calculationsand Molecular Simulations,” ACS Nano, 4(7), 4225-4237(2010).95. Latwal, M., Singh, L. and Kumar, H., “Synthesis of Rare Earth–doped Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Woodhead Publishing Series inElectronic and Optical Materials, 175-196(2023).96. Kumar, K. E., Manikandan, A., Sathana, V., Muthulingam, S.,Julie, M. M., Kumar, R. T., Dinesh, A., Durka, M., Almessiere, M.A., Slimani, Y., Baykal, A. and Khan, A., “Fundamentals andBiological, Environmental and Energy Applications,” WoodheadPublishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering,373-402(2024).97. Mounkachi, O., Lamouri, R., Abraime, B., Ez-Zahraouy, H., El,K. A., Hamedoun, M. and Benyoussef, A., “Exploring theMagnetic and Structural Properties of Nd-doped Cobalt Nanoferritefor Permanent Magnet Applications,” Ceramics International.,43(16), 14401-14404(2017).98. Yadav, R. S., Havlica, J., Masilko, J., Kalina, L., Wasserbauer,J., Hajduchova, M., Enev, V., Kuřitka, I. and Kožakova, Z.,“Impact of Nd3+ in CoFe2O4 Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles onCation Distribution, Structural and Magnetic Properties,” Journalof Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 399, 109-117(2016).99. Xavier, S., Thankachan, S., Jacob, B. and Mohammed, E., IOPConference Series: Materials Science and Engineering IOPPublishing, 012093(2015).100. Velho-Pereira, S., Noronha, A. A., Mathias, A., Zakane, R., Naik,V., Naik, P., Salker, A. and Naik, S., “Antibacterial Action ofDoped CoFe2O4 Nanocrystals on Multidrug Resistant BacterialStrains,” Materials Science and Engineering: C., 52, 282-287(2015).101. Amiri, S. and Shokrollahi, H., “Magnetic and Structural Propertiesof RE Doped Co-ferrite (REåNd, Eu, and Gd) Nano-particlesSynthesized by co-precipitation,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.,345, 18-23(2013).102. Dhiman, M. and Singhal, S., “Effect of Doping of DifferentRare Earth (europium, gadolinium, dysprosium and neodymium)Metal Ions on Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Propertiesof LaFeO3 Perovskites,” Journal of Rare Earths., 37(12),1279-1287(2019).103. Dhiman, M., Chudasama, B., Kumar, V., Tikoo, K. B. and Singhal,S., “Augmenting the Photocatalytic Performance of Cobalt Ferritevia Change in Structural and Optical Properties with the Introductionof Different Rare Earth Metal Ions,” Ceramics International.,45, 3698-3709(2019).104. Xi, G., Zhao, T., Wang, L., Dun, C. and Zhang, Y., “Effect ofDoping Rare Earths on Magnetostriction Characteristics ofCoFe2O4 Prepared from Spent Li-ion Batteries,” Physica B:Condensed Matter., 534, 76-82(2018).105. Khan, N. H., Gilani, Z. A., Samiullah, K. M., Asghar, H. M. N.H. K., Nawaz, M. Z., Ali, S. M., Khan, M. A. and Sheikh, F. A.,“Broadband Flexible Photodetectors Based on CdSxSe1–x/PbI2Heterojunctions,” Applied Physics A., 130, 321(2024).106. Kiran, A., Akhtar, M. N., Yousaf, M., Batoo, K. M., Aldossary,O. M. and Khan, S. N., “Influence of Y3+, Yb3+, Gd3+ Cationson Structural and Electromagnetic Properties of CuFe2O4 NanoferritesPrepared via One Step Sol-gel Method,” Journal of rareearths, 39(10), 1224-1231(2021).107. Sodaee, T., Ghasemi, A. and Razavi, R. S., “Cation Distributionand Microwave Absorptive Behavior of Gadolinium SubstitutedCobalt Ferrite Ceramics,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds.,706, 133-146(2017).108. Murugesan, C. and Chandrasekaran, G., “Impact of Gd3+ Substitutionon the Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Propertiesof Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” RSC Advances, 5(90), 73714-73725(2015).109. Naik, S. and Salker, A., “Change in the Magnetostructural Propertiesof Rare Earth Doped Cobalt Ferrites Relative to the MagneticAnisotropy,” Journal of Materials Chemistry., 22(6), 2740-2750(2012).110. Pervaiz, E. and Gul, I., “Influence of Rare Earth (Gd3+) onStructural, Gigahertz Dielectric and Magnetic Studies of CobaltFerrite,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing,012015(2013).111. Peng, J., Hojamberdiev, M., Xu, Y., Cao, B., Wang, J. and Wu,H., “Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Gadolinium-doped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles,” Journal of Magnetismand Magnetic Materials, 323(1), 133-137(2011).112. Panda, R., Shih, J. and Chin, T., “Magnetic Properties of NanocrystallineGd-or Pr-substituted CoFe2O4 Synthesized by the CitratePrecursor Technique,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.,257(1), 79-86(2003).113. Virlan, C., Bulai, G., Caltun, O. F., Hempelmann, R. and Pui,A., “Rare Earth Metals' Influence on the Heat GeneratingCapability of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Ceramics International.,42(10), 1-32(2016).114. Shiwen, Li., Jiatong, P., Feng, G., Deqian, Z., Qin, F., Chunling,H., Dodbiba, G., Wei, Y. and Fujita, T., “Structure and MagneticProperties of Coprecipitated Nickel-zinc Ferrite-doped RareEarth Elements of Sc, Dy, and Gd,” Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics, 32, 13511-13526(2021).115. Yousaf, M., Nazir, S., Akbar, M., Akhtar, M. N., Noor, A., Hu,E., Shah, M. A. K. Y. and Lu, Y., “Dysprosium DopedCu0.8Cd0.2DyxFe2-xO4 Nano Ferrites: A Combined Impact of Dy3+on Enhanced Physical, Optical, Magnetic, and DC-electricalProperties,” Ceramics International, 48(1), 578-589(2022).116. Benamara, M., Zahmouli, N., Kallekh, A., Bouzidi, S., Mir, L.,Alamri, H. R. and Valente, M. A., “Study of the Magnetic Propertiesof Mg, Gd, and Co Doped Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) NanoparticlesPrepared by Sol–gel,” Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,569, 170479(2023).117. Gupta, M., Das, A. and Das, D., “Chemical Synthesis of RareEarth (La, Gd) Doped Cobalt Ferrite and a Comparative Analysisof Their Magnetic Properties,” Journal of Nanoscience andNanotechnology, 20, 5239-5245(2020).118. Kumar, H., Srivastava, R., Singh, J. P., Negi, P., Agrawal, H., Das,D. and Chae, K. H., “Structural and Magnetic Study of DysprosiumSubstituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Journal of Magnetismand Magnetic Materials, 401, 16-21(2016).119. Yadav, R. S., Havlica, J., Kuřitka, I., Kozakova, Z., Palou, M.,Bartoničkova, E., Bohač, M., Frajkorova, F., Masilko, J. andKalina, L., “Magnetic Properties of Dysprosium-doped CobaltFerrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Starch-assisted Sol-gelAuto-combustion Method,” Journal of Superconductivity andNovel Magnetism, 28(7), 2097-2107(2015).120. Mohammadifar, Y., Shokrollahi, H., Karimi, Z. and Karimi, L.,“The Synthesis of Co1−xDyxFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Thin Filmsas Well as Investigating Their Magnetic and Magneto-opticalProperties,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 366,44-49(2014).121. Karimi, Z., Mohammadifar, Y., Shokrollahi., Asl, S. K., Yousefi,G. and Karimi, L., “The Synthesis of Co1−xDyxFe2O4 Nanoparticlesand Thin Films as Well as Investigating Their Magneticand Magneto-optical Properties,” Journal of Magnetism andMagnetic Materials, 361, 150-156(2014).122. Kambale, R., Song, K., Koo, Y. and Hur, N., “Low TemperatureSynthesis of Nanocrystalline Dy3+ Doped Cobalt Ferrite:Structural and Magnetic Properties,” Journal of Applied Physics,110(5), 053910(2011).123. Shirsath, S. E., Mane, M., Yasukawa, Y., Liu, X. and Morisako,A., “Chemical Tuning of Structure Formation and CombustionProcess in CoDy0.1Fe1.9O4 Nanoparticles: Influence@pH,” Journalof nanoparticle research, 15(10), 1976(2013).124. Akhtar, M., Hasan, M. S., Amin, N., Morley, N. A. and Arshad,M. I., “Tuning Structural, Electrical, Dielectric and MagneticProperties of Mg–Cu–Co Ferrites via Dysprosium (Dy3+) Doping,”Journal of Rare Earths, 42(1), 137-146(2023).125. Wu, X., Ding, Z., Song, N., Li, L. and Wang, W., “Effect of theRare-earth Substitution on the Structural, Magnetic and AdsorptionProperties in Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Ceramics International,42(3), 4246-4255(2016).126. Manikandan, V. S., Kumar, T. K., Poobalan, R. K., Sakthive, P.,Chidhambaram, N., Dineshbabu, N., Dhanabalan, S. S., Abarzua,C. V., More, M. J. and Thirumurugan, A., “Exploring the Magneticand Supercapacitor Characteristics of Praseodymium-dopedCoFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles,” J. Mater Sci: Mater Electron.35, 46(2024).127. Pachpinde, A., Langade, M., Lohar, K., Patange, S. and Shirsath,S. E., “Impact of Larger Rare Earth Pr3+ Ions on the PhysicalProperties of Chemically Derived PrxCoFe2−xO4 Nanoparticles,”Chemical Physics, 429, 20-26(2014).128. Asif, M., Khan, M. A., Atiq, S., Alshahrani, T. and Mahmood,Q., “Evolution of Structure and Improvement in DielectricProperties of Praseodymium Substituted YFeO3 NanomaterialsSynthesized via a Sol-gel Auto-combustion Method,” CeramicInternational, 47(6), 6663-6674(2021).129. Patankar, K., Ghone, D., Mathe, V. and Kaushik, S., “Structuraland Physical Property Study of Sol–gel Synthesized CoFe2−xHoxO4Nano Ferrites,” Journal of Mag. and Magn. Materials., 454, 71-77(2018).130. Ahmad, D., Ali, A., Abbas, Z., Zaman, A., Alsuhaibani, A. M.,Tirth, V., Sarker, M. R., Kamari, N. A. M., Algahtani, A. andAljohani, M., “Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties ofHolmium-doped Nickel-cadmium Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesizedby Sol-gel Auto-combustion Method,” Crystals., 13,495(2023).131. Ghone, D. M., Mathe, V., Patankar, K. and Kaushik, S., “Microstructure,Lattice Strain, Magnetic and Magnetostriction Propertiesof Holmium Substituted Cobalt Ferrites Obtained by co-precip-Itation Method,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds., 739, 52-61(2018).132. Lohar, K., Pachpinde, A., Langade, M., Kadam, R. and Shirsath,S. E., “Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis, StructuralMorphology and Magnetic Interactions in Rare Earth Ho3+Doped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds.,604, 204-210(2014).133. Hanamanta, M. S., Manjanna, J. and Hegde, B. G., “Structural,Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Pr Doped Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4Nanoparticles,” Materials Today Proceedings, 82, 390-394(2023).134. Denglawey, K. I., Manjunath, K., Sekhar, E. V., Chethan, B.,Zhuang, J. and Angadi, J., “Rapid Response in Recovery Time,Humidity Sensing Behavior and Magnetic Properties of RareEarth (Dy & Ho) Doped Mn–Zn Ceramics,” Ceramics International,47, 28614-28622(2021).135. Zubair, A., Ahmad, Z., Mahmood, A., Cheong, W. C., Ali, I.,Khan, M. A., Chughtai, A. H. and Ashiq, M. N., “Structural,Morphological and Magnetic Properties of Eu-doped CoFe2O4Nano-ferrites,” Results in physics, 7, 3203-3208(2017).136. Sivaprakash, P., Divya, S., Esakki, S., Muthu., Ali, A., Jaglicic,Z., Oh, T. H. and Kim, I., “Effect of Rare Earth Europium (Eu3+)on Structural, Morphological, Magnetic and Dielectric Propertiesof NiFe2O4 nanoferrites,” Materials Science and Engineering:B, 301, 117200(2024).137. Khan, J. K., Khalid, M., Mustafa, G., Uddin, Z., Saleem, M.and Azam, A. A., “Study of Lanthanum Ions (La3+) DopedManganese-Cobalt (Mn-Co) based spinel ferrite nanoparticlesfor Technological Applications,” Applied Physics A., 128, 961(2022).138. Haque, S. U., Saikia, K. K., Murugesan, G. and Kalainathan, S.,“A Study on Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of LanthanumSubstituted Cobalt Ferrite,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds,701, 612-618(2017).139. Ayub, M., Gul, I. H., Nawaz, K. and Yaqoob, K., “Effect ofRare Earth and Transition Metal La-Mn Substitution on ElectricalProperties of co-precipitated M-type Ba-ferrites Nanoparticles,”Journal of Rare Earths, 37(2), 193-197(2019).
140. Mansour, S. F., Al-Hazmi, F., Al-Hammad, M. S., Sadeq, M. S.and Abdo, M. A., “Enhancing the Magnetization, DielectricLoss and Photocatalytic Activity of Co–Cu Ferrite Nanoparticlesvia the Substitution of Rare Earth Ions,” Journal of MaterialResearch and Technology., 15, 2543-2556(2021).141. Mariosi, F. R., Venturini, J., Viegas, A. C. and Bergmann, “Lanthanum-doped Spinel Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles forEnvironmental Applications,” Ceramics International, 6, 2772-2779(2020).142. Yang, C., Jiang, J., Liu, X., Yin, C. and Deng, C., “Rare EarthIons Doped Polyaniline/cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposites via aNovel Coordination-oxidative Polymerization-hydrothermal Route:Preparation and Microwave-absorbing Properties,” Journal ofMagnetism and Magnetic Materials., 404, 45-52(2016).143. Baig, M. M., Zulfiqar, S., Yousuf, M. A., Touqeer, M., Ullah,S., Agboola, P., Warsi, M. F. and Shakir, I., “Structural andPhotocatalytic Properties of New Rare Earth La3+ SubstitutedMnFe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles,” Ceramics International 46(14),23208-23217(2020).144. Khan, J. K., Khalid, M., Mustafa, G., Uddin, Z., Saleem, M.and Azam, A. A., “Study of Lanthanum Ions (La3+) Doped Manganese-Cobalt (Mn-Co) Based Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles forTechnological Applications,” Applied Physics A., 128, 961(2022).145. Gupta, M., Das, A., Mohapatra, S., Das, D., Dutta, S. and Dutta,A., “Magnetic and Mössbauer study of Lanthanum-doped NanosizedCobalt Ferrite Assembly,” Applied Physics A., 130, 59(2024).146. Taneja, S., Thakur, P., Kumar, D., Slimani, Y. and Thakur, A.,“Comparison of Rare Earths Doping (neodymium and samarium)on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni–Zn–Bi nanoferrites,”Journal of Rare Earths., 42(3), 534-542(2024).147. Boda, N., Boda, G., Babu, N. K. C., Srinivas, M., Mujasam, B.K., Ravinder, D. and Panasa, R. A., “Effect of Rare Earth Elementson Low Temperature Magnetic Properties of Ni and CoferriteNanoparticles,” Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials., 473, 228-235(2018).148. Smitha, T. S., Binu, P., Jacob, B. P., Sheena, Xavier, S. andMohammed, S. E. M., “Effect of Samarium Substitution on Structuraland Magnetic Properties of Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticles,”Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 348,140-145(2013).149. Keerthana, S. P., kumar, Y. R., Kumar, P. S., Ravi, G. and Velauthapillai,D., “Rare Earth Metal (Sm) Doped Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4)for Improved Photocatalytic Elimination of Toxic Dye fromAquatic System,” Environmental Research 197, 111047(2021).150. Nikmanesh, H., Jaberolansar, E., Kameli, P., Varzaneh, A. G.,Mehrabi, M., Shamsodini, M., Rostami, M., Orue, I. and Chernenko,V., “Structural features and Temperature-dependent MagneticResponse of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticle Substituted with RareEarth Sm3+,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,543, 168664(2022).151. Kakade, S. G., Ma, Y. R., Devan, R. S., Kolekar, Y. D. andRamana, C. V., “Dielectric, Complex Impedance, and ElectricalTransport Properties of Erbium (Er3+) Ion-Substituted Nanocrystalline,Cobalt-Rich Ferrite (Co1.1Fe1.9–xErxO4),” The Journalof Physical Chemistry C., 120(10), 5682-5693(2016).152. Prathapani, S., Vinitha, M., Jayaraman, T. V. and Das, D., “Effectof Er Doping on the Structural and Magnetic Properties ofCobalt-ferrite,” Journal of Applied Physics., 115(17), 17A502(2014).153. Elayakumar, K., Dinesh, A., Manikandan, A., Palanivelu, M.,Kavitha, G., Prakash, S., Kumar, R. T., Jaganathan, S. K. and Baykal,A., “Structural, Morphological, Enhanced Magnetic Propertiesand Antibacterial Bio-medical Activity of Rare Earth Element(REE) Cerium (Ce3+) Doped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles,” Journalof Magnetism and Magnetic Materials., 476, 157-165(2019).154. Priyadharshini, P. and Pushpanathan, K., “Synthesis of Ce-dopedNiFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Their Structural, Optical, and MagneticProperties,” Chemical Physics Impact., 6, 100201(2023).155. Sharada, G., Thirupathi, G., Shwetha, G., Kumar, N. P., Sowjanya,P. and Sreenivasu, D., “Synthesis, Spectral, and MagneticStudies of Yb-Doped CoFe2O4,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.,12, 063006(2023).156. Rather, M. R., Abushad, M., Sultan, K., Abass, S. and Samad,R., “Effect of Ytterbium on the Structural, Optical, Magneticand Temperature Dependent Dielectric Properties of NickelFerrite Nanoparticles,” Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology(2024).157. Mishra, P., Sharma, P., Singh, V. and Singh, N. K., “StrontiumdopedLanthanum Nickelate (LaNiO3) Nano-materials for AlkalineWater Splitting,” Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 55A, 119-125(2023).158. Naz, A., Arun, S., Singh, V., Narvi, S. S., Alam, M. S., Dutta,P. K., “Efficient and Reusable Cu (II)-metalated Silica-basedInorganic-organic Hybrid Catalyst for Dye Degradation,” Journalof the Indian Chemical Society, 99, 1-8(2022).159. Singh, V. and Pandey, N. D., “A Comparison of Performanceof ADM1 and Monod Model Treating Low Strength Wastewater,”Materials Today: Proceedings, 3, 4157-4162(2016).160. Singh, V., Narvi, S. S. and Pandey, N. D., “Influence of PolymerAddition on Granulation in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge BlanketReactor: A Review,” International Journal of Applied EnvironmentalSciences, 12(8), 1561-1573(2017).161. Galloway, J. M., Talbot, J. E., Critchley, K., Miles, J. J. andBramble, J. P., “Developing Biotemplated Data Storage: RoomTemperature Biomineralization of L10CoPt Magnetic Nanoparticles,”Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(29), 4590-4600(2015).162. Tripathi, R. M., Sang, J. and Chung, S. J., “Biogenic Nanomaterials:Synthesis, Characterization, Growth Mechanism, andBiomedical Applications,” J. Microbiol. Methods., 157, 65-80(2019).163. Caltun, O. E., Rao, G. S. N., Rao, K. H. and Rao, B., “HighMagnetostrictive Cobalt Ferrite for Sensor Applications,” Sensorsletters, 5(1), 45-47(2007).164. Malarvizhi, M., Meyvel, S., Sandhiya, M., Satish, M., Dakshana,M. and Sathya, P., “Design and Fabrication of Cobaltand Nickel Ferrites Based Flexible Electrodes for High-performanceEnergy Storage Applications,” Inorganic chemistry communication,123, 108344(2021).165. Jayalakshmi, R., Jeyanthi, J. and Sidhaarth, K. R. A., “VersatileApplication of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for the Removal ofHeavy Metals and Dyes from Aqueous Solution,” EnvironmentalNanotechnology Monitoring and Management, 17, 100659(2022).166. Vinosha, P.A., Manikandan, A., Preetha, A. C. and Dinesh, A.,“Review on Recent Advances of Synthesis, Magnetic Properties,and Water Treatment Applications of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticlesand Nanocomposites,” Journal of superconductivity and novelmagnetism, 34, 995-1018(2021).167. Thakur, P., Chahar, D., Taneja, S., Bhalla, N. and Thakur, A.,“A Review on MnZn Ferrites: Synthesis, Characterization andApplications,” Ceramics International., 46(10), 15740-15763(2020).168. Parekh, K., Upadhyay, R. V., Belova, L. and Rao, K. V., “TernaryMonodispersed Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles: Preparationand Magnetic Characterization,” Ternary Nanotechnology.,17, 5970-5975(2006).169. Masthoff, I. C., Gutsche, A., Nirschl, H. and Garnweitner, G.,“Oriented Attachment of Ultra-small Mn(1− x)ZnxFe2O4 NanoparticlesDuring the Non-aqueous Sol–gel Synthesis,” Cryst. Eng.Comm. 17, 2464-2470(2015).170. Haque, M. M., Huq, M. and Hakim, M. A., “Densification,Magnetic and Dielectric Behaviour of Cu-substituted Mg–ZnFerrites,” Mater Chem. Phys., 112, 580-586(2008).171. Fu, X. L., Xing, Q. K., Peng, Z. J., Wang, C. B., Fu, Z. Q., Qi,L. H. and Miao, H. Z., “Microstructural and ElectromagneticProperties of Mn–Zn Ferrites With Low Melting-Point NonmagneticSb3+ Ions,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. B., 27, 1350003(2012).172. Chen, C. W., “Magnetism and Metallurgy of Magnetic Materials,”Dover Publications(1986).173. Sangeneni, N., Bhat, N. and Shivashankar, S. A., “IEEE 2ndElectron Devices Technology and Manufacturing,” Conference(EDTM), 113-115(2018).174. Duo, L., Finazzi, M. and Ciccacci, F., “Magnetic Properties ofAntiferromagnetic Oxide Materials: Surfaces, Interfaces and ThinFilms,” Wiley(2010).