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포름산을 이용한 글루코오스로부터 레블린산 생산 최적화

Optimization of levulinic acid production from glucose using formic acid as a catalyst

Hyeong Gyun Ahn1 Junseok Kim1†
1경기대학교 화학공학과
In Press, Journal Pre-proof, Available online 1 November 2026

Abstract

레블린산(levulinic acid)은 바이오매스로부터 생산 가능한 대표적인 플랫폼 화학물질로서 바이오연료 및 다양한 화학제품의 전구체로 활용될 수 있어 최근 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 글루코오스를 기질로 사용하고 포름산을 촉매로 이용하여 레불린산 생산 특성을 조사하였다. 반응 온도(160–200°C), 촉매 농도(1.0–10.0 wt.%), 반응시간(0–240 min)을 주요 변수로 설정하여 레블린산 생성 거동을 분석하였다. 사용한 변수들 중에서는 반응 온도와 촉매 농도는 레불린산 생성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 결과 반응 온도 200°C, 포름산 농도 10.0 wt.%, 반응시간 210 min 조건에서 최대 22.35%의 레블린산 수율이 관찰되었다. 또한 반응표면분석법(Response Surface Methodology, RSM)을 이용하여 반응 조건을 최적화한 결과 반응 온도 199.52°C, 반응시간 203.73 min, 촉매 농도 5.53%에서 최대 23.05%의 레블린산 수율이 예측되었다.
Levulinic acid is a representative biomass-derived platform chemical that has attracted considerable attention as a precursor for biofuels and various value-added chemicals. In this study, the production characteristics of levulinic acid from glucose using formic acid as a catalyst were investigated. Reaction temperature (160–200 °C), catalyst concentration (1.0–10.0 wt.%), and reaction time (0–240 min) were selected as the main variables to analyze the formation behavior of levulinic acid. Among the variables investigated, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration were found to have significant effects on levulinic acid production. The maximum levulinic acid yield of 22.35% was obtained at a reaction temperature of 200 °C, a formic acid concentration of 10.0 wt.%, and a reaction time of 210 min. Furthermore, the reaction conditions were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The predicted maximum levulinic acid yield of 23.05% was obtained at a reaction temperature of 199.52 °C, a reaction time of 203.73 min, and a catalyst concentration of 5.53 wt.%.

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