Issue
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Vol.25, No.5, 987-997, 2008
Effect of Ni in palladium β-zeolite on hydroisomerization of n-decane
Bifunctional catalysts containing (0.1-0.5 wt%) Nickel and 0.1 wt% of Pd supported on H-β zeolite were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, TPD and TPR techniques. The catalytic activity of Ni containing and Ni free Pd/H-β Catalysts was studied, and it was found that Ni up to a threshold value (0.3 wt% on β) produced increased the n-decane conversion and isomerization selectivity. When Ni content exceeds the threshold value, the conversion increases but isomerized products decrease. Moreover, Ni containing Pd/H-β showed increased sustainability and favored the protonated cyclopropane (PCP) intermediate mechanism in n-decane isomerization. The catalyst containing 0.3 wt% Ni 0.1 wt% Pd is adjudged as one performing better than other catalysts studied because of the isomerized mixture from it shows better octane number.
[References]
  1. Miller SJ, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 84, 2319, 1994
  2. Weitkamp J, Appl. Catal., 8, 123, 1983
  3. Jacobs PA, Martens MA, Weitkamp J, Beyer HK, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 72, 353, 1981
  4. Leu LJ, Hov LY, Kang BC, Li C, Wu ST, Wu TC, Appl. Catal., 69, 49, 1991
  5. Guisnet M, Fouche V, Belloum M, Bournonville JP, Travers C, Appl. Catal., 71, 283, 1991
  6. Hochtl M, Jentys A, Vinek H, J. Catal., 190(2), 419, 2000
  7. Ponec V, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 11, 41, 1975
  8. Sachtler WMH, Catal. Rev., 14, 193, 1976
  9. Bertolini JC, Tardi B, Abon M, Billy J, Delichre P, Massardier J, Surf. Sci., 135, 117, 1983
  10. Dominguez JM, Vazquez A, Renouprez AJ, Yacaman MJ, Surf. Sci., 75, 101, 1982
  11. Coonradt ML, Garwood WE, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 3, 38, 1964
  12. Martens JA, Tielen M, Jacobs PA, Weitkamp J, Zeolites, 4, 98, 1984
  13. Arifulin AS, Vol-Epshtein AB, Krichko AA, Yulin MK, Khimiya Tverdogo Topliva, 5, 122, 1976
  14. Martens JA, Perez-Pariente J, Jacobs PA, Acta Physica et Chemica, 31, 487, 1985
  15. Martens JA, Perez-Pariente J, Jacobs PA, Math. Phys. Sci., 165, 115, 1986
  16. Corma A, Martinez A, Pergher S, Peratello S, Perego C, Bellusi G, Appl. Catal., 152, 107, 1997
  17. Galperin LB, Appl. Catal., 209, 257, 2001
  18. Galperin LB, Bradley SA, Mezza TM, Appl. Catal., 219, 79, 2001
  19. Elangovan SP, Bischof C, Hartmann M, Catal. Lett., 80(1-2), 35, 2002
  20. Elangovan SP, Hartmann M, J. Catal., 217(2), 388, 2003
  21. Rezgui Y, Guemini M, Appl. Catal., 282, 45, 2005
  22. Dorado F, Romero R, Canizares P, Appl. Catal., 236, 235, 2002
  23. Canizares P, Delucas A, Valverde JL, Dorado F, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36(11), 4797, 1997
  24. Treacy MMJ, Higgins JB, XRD powder patterns for zeolites, Vth edition, 2004
  25. Faherazzi G, Benedetti A, Martorans A, Giuliano S, Duca D, Deganello G, Catal. Lett., 6, 263, 1990
  26. Cullity BD, Elements of X-ray diffraction, Addison Wasley Pub Co. New York, 284, 1978
  27. Eswaramoorthi I, Lingappan N, Catal. Lett., 87, 133, 2003
  28. Jao RM, Lin TB, Chang JR, J. Catal., 161(1), 222, 1996
  29. Lee CG, Kim JS, Song PS, Choi GS, Kang Y, Choi MJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(1), 133, 2003
  30. de Lucas A, Sanchez P, Funez A, Ramos MJ, Valverde JL, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., in press
  31. Canizares P, de Lucas A, Dorado F, Duran A, Asencio I, Appl. Catal., 169, 137, 1998
  32. Yoshioka CMN, Garetto T, Cardoso D, Catal. Today, 107, 693, 2005
  33. Feeley JS, Sachlter WMH, Zeolites, 10, 738, 1990
  34. Narayana M, Michalik J, Contarini S, Kevan L, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 3895, 1985
  35. Minchev Ch, Knazirev V, Kosova L, Pechev V, Grunsser W, Schimidt F, in: L.V. C. Rees (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Zeolites, Heydon, London, 335, 1980
  36. Narayanan S, Zeolites, 4, 231, 1984
  37. Xiao S, Meng Z, J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans., 90, 2591, 1994
  38. Romero MD, de Lucas A, Calles JA, Rodriguez A, Appl. Catal., 146, 425, 1996
  39. Zhang WM, Smirniotis PG, J. Catal., 182(2), 400, 1999
  40. Jordao MH, Simoes V, Montes A, Cardoso E, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 130, 2387, 2000
  41. Giannetto GE, Perot GE, Guisnet MR, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 25, 481, 1986
  42. Kuznetsov PN, J. Catal., 218(1), 12, 2003
  43. Steijns M, Froment G, Jacobs P, Uytterhoeven J, Weitkamp J, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 20, 654, 1981
  44. Weitkamp J, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 21, 550, 1982
  45. Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Theoretical aspects of heterogeneous catalysis (J. B. Moffat, Ed.), Chap. 2, Catalysis Series, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990
  46. Meriaudeau P, Tuan VA, Lelebvre F, Nghiem VT, Naccache C, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 22, 435, 1998
  47. de Lucas A, Valverde JL, Sanchez P, Dorado F, Ramos MJ, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 282(1-2), 15, 2005
  48. Baerlocher Ch, Meier WH, Olson DH, Vth edition, pub. Struc. Comm. IZA, 2001
  49. Brouwer DM, in: R. Prins, G. C. A. Schult (Eds.), Chemistry and chemical engineering of catalytic processes, Sijthof and Noordhoff, Germantown, MD, 1980