With micron talcum particles and nano-CaCO3 powder as test dust, a series of experiments have been carried out to systematically study the gas filtration and regeneration behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and some comparisons were made with common filter media. The experimental results showed that the PTFE membrane had a filtration efficiency of above 99.99% for micron particles, and excellent regeneration behavior was obtained, though a much higher initial pressure drop existed. Based on the results, it was concluded that the PTFE membrane is an excellent surface-filtration media for micron particles. Effects of operation parameters, including airflow velocity, particle concentration and particle characteristics were also investigated. To better understand the evolution of pressure drop during the filtration process, a mathematical model with operation parameters and characteristics of particles was derived from the gas-solid two-phase flow theories. A novel method on the determination of regeneration period of the filter media was put forward based on the analysis of the pressure drop according to this model.