Issue
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Vol.37, No.1, 111-119, 2020
Recycling of gold from waste electronic components of devices
Tremendous generation of e-waste and its illegal recycling are causing immense threat to environment as well as the loss of precious metals. The present research reports a novel hybrid process for the total recovery of gold from small depopulated components of e-waste. Connectors and integrated circuits (ICs) liberated from printed circuit boards (PCBs) were pulverized and processed for gold leaching using 10 g/L sodium cyanide solution at 40 °C and mixing time 15 min, where more than 95% gold was found to be leached out in single stage. From the obtained leach liquor, gold metal was recovered by charcoal adsorption followed by heat treatment. The raffinate left after adsorption of gold was found to contain ~10mg/L gold, which was also recovered using Amberlite IRA 400Cl at equilibrium pH 9.6 in 30 min maintaining aqueous/resin (A/R) ratio 25 mL/g. The raffinate solution was enriched to 882.41mg/L and the solution was further processed to get metal/salt using cementation/ evaporation. Obtained leached residue is processed for non-ferrous metals recovery and finally disposed-off after treatment and TCLP test. The effluent left after leaching could be easily decomposed and treated in ETP using standard environmental procedure.
[References]
  1. Ming S, Pecht M, Ann M, Natishan E, Microelectron. J., 30, 217, 1999
  2. Konishi Y, Tsukiyama T, Ohno K, Saitoh N, Nomura T, Nagamine S, Hydrometallurgy, 81, 24, 2006
  3. Ding Y, Zhang S, Liu B, Zheng H, Chang CC, Ekberg C, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 141, 284, 2019
  4. Kumar A, Holuszko M, Espinosa DCR, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 1222, 32, 2017
  5. Yang A, Tan Q, Liu L, Dong Q, Li J, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 5(11), 9586, 2017
  6. Balde CP, Forti V, Gray V, Kuehr R, United Nations University (UNU), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), Bonn/Geneva/Vienna (2017).
  7. Dehchenari MA, Hosseinpoor S, Aali R, Iran NS, Mehdipour M, Environ. Health Eng. Manag., 4(1), 55, 2017
  8. Ishikawa S, Suyama K, Arihara K, Itoh M, Bioresour. Technol., 81(3), 201, 2002
  9. Nakajima A, Ohe K, Baba Y, Kijima T, Anal. Sci., 19, 1075, 2003
  10. Akcil A, Erust C, Gahan CS, Ozgun M, Sahin M, Tuncuk A, Waste Manage., 45, 258, 2015
  11. Birloaga I, Coman V, Kopacek B, Veglio F, Waste Manage., 34, 2581, 2014
  12. Birloaga I, Michelis ID, Ferella F, Buzatu M, Veglio F, Waste Manage., 33, 935, 2013
  13. Alzate A, Lopez E, Serna C, Gonzalez O, J. Clean Prod., 166, 1102, 2017
  14. Bisceglie F, Civati D, Bonati B, Faraci FD, J. Clean Prod., 142(4), 1810, 2017
  15. Koyanaka H, Takeuchi K, Loong CK, Sep. Purif. Technol., 43(1), 9, 2005
  16. Shen YF, Xue WY, Sep. Purif. Technol., 56(3), 278, 2007
  17. Lira M. A., Navarro R., Saucedo I., Martinez M., Guibal E., Chem. Eng. J., 302, 426, 2016
  18. Wei W, Reddy DHK, Bediako JK, Yun YS, Chem. Eng. J., 289, 413, 2016
  19. Rajasingam R, Jayasinghe NS, Lucien FP, Tran T, Miner. Eng., 19(9), 896, 2006
  20. Zhang H, Dreisinger DB, Hydrometallurgy, 66, 67, 2002
  21. Latif E, Sahan D, Basaran A, Mustafa S, Environ. Monit. Assess., 132(1-3), 331, 2007
  22. Koshima H, Anal. Sci., 2, 255, 1986
  23. Laatikainen M, Paatero E, Hydrometallurgy, 79, 154, 2005
  24. Latif EE, Mustafa S, Buyuksekerci EB, Anal. Sci., 19, 1621, 2003
  25. Syed S, Hydrometallurgy, 115-116, 30, 2012
  26. Yannopoulos JC, Van Nostrand Reinhold, USA (1991).
  27. Anand A, Jha MK, Kumar V, Sahu R, In: Proceedings of the XIII International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology (MPT), 916 (2013).
  28. Panda R, Kumari A, Jha MK, Pathak DD, J. of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 59(4), 181 (2017).
  29. Fleming CA, Cromberge G, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 84(5), 125, 1984
  30. Rengaraj S, Yeon KH, Kang SY, Lee JU, Kim KW, Moon SH, J. Hazard. Mater., 92(2), 185, 2002
  31. Radhika M, Palanivelu K, J. Hazard. Mater., 138(1), 116, 2006
  32. Ramesh A, Hasegawa H, Sugimoto W, Maki T, Ueda K, Bioresour. Technol., 99(9), 3801, 2008
  33. Lee IH, Kuan YC, Chern JM, J. Hazard. Mater., 138(3), 549, 2006
  34. Chabani M, Bensmaili A, Desalination, 185(1-3), 509, 2005
  35. Gode F, Pehlivan E, J. Hazard. Mater., 136(2), 330, 2006
  36. Lin LC, Juang RS, Chem. Eng. J., 132(1-3), 205, 2007
  37. Pehlivan E, Altun T, J. Hazard. Mater., 134(1-3), 149, 2006
  38. Samatya S, Kabay N, Yuksel U, Arda M, Yuksel M, React. Funct. Polym., 66(11), 1206, 2006
  39. Kocaoba S, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(1-2), 488, 2007
  40. Rengaraj S, Yeon JW, Kim Y, Jung Y, Ha YK, Kim WH, J. Hazard. Mater., 143(1-2), 469, 2007
  41. Smith B, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1999).
  42. Cortina JL, Miralles N, Aguilar M, Stastre AM, Hydrometallurgy, 36, 131, 1994
  43. Cobbing M, Report from Greenpeace International, Amsterdam (2008).
  44. Sepulveda A, Schluep M, Renaud FG, Streicher M, Kuehr R, Hageluken C, Gerecke AC, Environ. Impact Assess Review, 30, 28, 2010
  45. Vidyadhar A, In E-Waste in Transition - From Pollution to Resource, 121 (2016).
  46. Ilankoon IMSK, Ghorbani Y, Chong MN, Herath G, Moyo T, Petersen J, Waste Manage., 82, 258, 2018
  47. Song Q, Li Q, Environ. Pollut., 196, 450, 2015
  48. Morita N, Nakayasu M, Kawabata Y, Nakagome H, Biol. and Environ. Eng., 101, 54 (2017).
  49. Kumari A, Jha MK, Lee JC, Singh RP, J. Clean Prod., 112, 4826, 2016