|
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.28, No.6, 1380-1385, 2011
Studies on the hydrolysis of urea for production of ammonia and modeling for flow characterization in presence of stirring in a batch reactor using computational fluid dynamics
Ammonia is a highly volatile noxious material with adverse physiological effects, which becomes intolerable even at very low concentrations and presents substantial environmental and operating hazards and risk. But ammonia has long been known to be useful in the treatment of flue gases from the fossil fuel combustion process, such as in industrial furnaces, incinerators and coal-fired electric power generating plants. The present study is concerned with the methods and means to safely produce relatively small amount (i.e., up to 50 kg/hour) of ammonia. Current study involves experimental investigation for hydrolysis of urea for production of ammonia in a batch reactor at different temperature ranging from 110 ℃ to 180 ℃ against different initial feed concentration (10, 20, and 30 wt%) with different stirring speed ranging from 400 rpm to 1,400 rpm. Three-dimensional geometry and meshing of reactor is created in Gambit, a preprocessor of the commercial software, Fluent, for hydrodynamic study.
[References]
- Spokoyny FE, US Patent, 2006/0147361 A1, 2006
- Bhattacharya S, Peters HJ, Fisher J, Spencer HW, Urea-toammonia (U2ATM) systems: Operation and process chemistry, Proceedings of the 2003 Mega Symposium, 2003
- Salib R, Keeth R, Optimization of ammonia source for SCR applications, Proceedings of the 2003 Mega Symposium, 2003
- Baxter WA, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc., 18, 817, 1968
- Dismukes EB, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc., 25, 152, 1975
- Turner JR, Chone S, Dudukovic MP, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(24), 4315, 1994
- Bai H, Biswas P, Keener TC, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 33(5), 1231, 1994
- Nakajima F, Hamada I, Catal. Today, 29(1-4), 109, 1996
- Shantakumar S, Singh DN, Phadke RC, Progress in Energy and Comb. Sci., 34, 685, 2008
- Spencer HW, Peters HJ, US Patent, 6,436,359 B1, 2002
- Park OH, Yoo GJ, Seung BJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(5), 717, 2007
- Kang M, Park JH, Choi JS, Park ED, Yie JE, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(1), 191, 2007
- Mok YS, Lee HW, Hyun YJ, Ham SW, Kim JH, Nam IS, Korean J. Chem Eng., 23, 888, 2001
- Yao J, Choi JS, Yang KS, Sun D, Chung JS, Korean J. Chem Eng., 18(3), 308, 2006
- Kang M, Choi JS, Kim YT, Park ED, Shin CB, Suh DJ, Yie JE, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26(3), 884, 2009
- Cooper HBH, Spencer HW, US Patent, 6,730,280 B2, 2004
- Rahimpour MR, Chem. Eng. Process., 43(10), 1299, 2004
- Del Prato TA, Spicer HG, US Patent, 20050260108 A1, 2005
- Appl M, Ammonia: Principles and industrial practice, (Wiley-Vch), Weinheim, New York, 1999
- Wojichowski DL, US Patent, 2003/0211024 A1, 2003
- Glesmann RT, Titus JJ, H.G. Walker JR, US Patent, 2003/0118494 A1, 2003
- Jacob E, Stiermann E, US Patent, 2006/0045835 A1, 2006
- Young DC, US Patent, 5,252,308, 1993
- Hofmann L, Rusch K, US Patent, 6,471,927 B2, 2002
- Brooks B, Jessup WA, Macarthur BW, US Patent, 6,887,449 B2, 2005
- Jacob E, Stiermann E, US Patent, 2006/0045835 A1, 2006
- Sahu JN, Mahalik K, Patwardhan AV, Meikap BC, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47(14), 4689, 2008
- Sahu JN, Mahalik KK, Patwardhan AV, Meikap BC, J. Hazard. Mater., 164(2-3), 659, 2009
- Sahu JN, Patwardhan AV, Meikap BC, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48(5), 2705, 2009
- Mahalik K, Sahu JN, Patwardhan AV, Meikap BC, J. Hazard. Mater., 175(1-3), 629, 2010
- Schell LP, US Patent, 4,087,513, 1978
- Claudel B, Brousse E, Shehadeh G, Thermochim. Acta., 102, 357, 1986
- Isla MA, Irazoqui HA, Genoud CM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 2662, 1993
- Rudniak L, Machniewski PM, Milewska A, Molga E, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 5233, 2004
- Yapici H, Basturk G, Comput. Chem. Eng., 28(11), 2233, 2004
- Magnico P, Fongarland P, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61(4), 1217, 2006
- Sripriya R, Kaulaskar MD, Chakraborty S, Meikap BC, Chem. Eng. Sci., 62(22), 6391, 2007
- Cho JM, Choi JW, Hong SH, Kim KC, Na JH, Lee JY, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(1), 43, 2006
[Cited By]
- Kim MS, Lee DW, Lee KY, Clean Technology, 18(1), 89, 2012
- Kim K, Yoo CY, Kim JN, Yoon HC, Han JI, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33(6), 1777, 2016
|