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Korean Chemical Engineering Research,
Vol.50, No.2, 238-243, 2012
Vol.50, No.2, 238-243, 2012
다시마 뿌리로부터 유기산을 이용한 다당과 미네랄 추출
Extraction of Carbohydrates and Minerals from Laminaria Using Organic Acid
국내에서는 다시마 뿌리가 아직 활용되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다시마 뿌리에서 탄수화물과 미네랄 등을 추출하는 공정을 개발하고 이들의 특성을 측정하였다. 해조류의 다당류 추출은 수율을 높이기 위해서 염산을 많이 사용하는데 본 연구에서는 기능성 식품에 이용하기 위해 구연산과 같은 유기산을 사용해 추출하였다. 유기산은 추출 효율이 강산에 비해 낮으므로 최적의 추출 조건을 찾는 연구를 하였다. 추출온도, 추출시간, 유기산의 농도, 시료 입자 크기 등을 변화시키며 다당 수율을 측정하는 실험을 하였다. 시료 입자가 작을수록 추출 온도가 높을수록 수율은 증가하였다. 100 ℃에서 구연산 농도 0.2 wt%로 4.0시간 추출했을 때 수율은 19%였다. 다시마뿌리 추출액의 K/Na 비가 약 3으로 칼륨이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 다시마 뿌리에서 추출한 후코이단은 미역에서 추출한 후코이단과 비교해 당의 조성은
비슷하였으나, 분자량은 더 작았다.
Laminaria roots have not been practically used in Korea. In this study, the extraction process of carbohydrates and minerals from Laminaria roots was investigated and the properties of extracted components were measured. Hydrochloric acid generally used in carbohydrate extraction from seaweeds in order to obtain high extraction yield. But in this work, to utilize extracted components as a functional food material, organic acids such as citric acid were used.
Organic acid as extraction solvent has low extraction yield compared to strong acids. Therefore optimum condition for maximum yield was investigated in carbohydrate extraction from Laminaria roots using organic acid. We measured the extraction yields of carbohydrate with variation of extraction temperature, extraction time, concentration of organic acid and particle size of samples. The extraction yield increased as the particle size decreased and temperature became high. The extraction yield was 19.0 wt% after 4.0 hours extraction with 0.2 wt% citric acid at 100 ℃. Potassium concentration was high compared other minerals in extraction solution, that is, the ratio of K/Na was about 3.0. Fucoidan from Laminaria roots had same carbohydrate composition and lower molecular weight compared that of Undaria pinnatifida.
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