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Korean Chemical Engineering Research,
Vol.51, No.2, 189-194, 2013
Vol.51, No.2, 189-194, 2013
설폰화 활성탄 촉매를 이용한 솔비톨의 아이소소바이드로의 탈수반응
Selective Dehydration of Sorbitol to Isosorbide over Sulfonated Activated Carbon Catalyst
불균일계 고체산 촉매인 설폰기(Sulfonyl Group) 함유 활성탄 촉매를 이용하여 솔비톨(Sorbitol)의 아이소소바이드로 (Isosorbide)의 탈수반응을 수행하였다. 설폰화 반응(Sulfonation)에 의해 제조된 설폰화 활성탄 물질에 대해 대표적인 상업용 산촉매인 설폰화 지르코니아(Sulfated ZrO2)와 산성 이온교환수지 Amberlyst-36과 솔비톨 탈수반응의 촉매활성을 비교하였다. 설폰화 활성탄 촉매를 이용하여 423.15 K에서 솔비톨의 탈수 반응 결과, 100% 솔비톨 전환율과 52% 아이소소바이드 선택도를 얻었다. 설폰화 활성탄은 낮은 설폰기 농도(0.5 mmol/g)에도 불구하고 높은 표면적으로 인해 423.15 K에서 Amberlyst-36과 유사한 솔비톨 탈수 반응 특성을 보이며, Amberlyst-36 대비 473.15 K 이상 고온에서도 안정한 특성을 보이는 고체산 촉매로 판단되었다. 또한, 솔비톨 탈수반응 결과를 바탕으로 반응과 생성물의 분리
를 동시에 할 수 있는 반응증류 공정에 설폰화 활성탄 촉매를 적용한 결과, 기존 황산 공정 대비 2배 이상 빠른 반응 시간에 단위 설폰산 농도 기준으로 4배 이상 높은 아이소소바이드 수율을 얻을 수 있었다.
A sulfonated activated carbon (AC-SO3H) was used as a solid acid catalyst for dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide and its catalytic performance was compared with the commercial solid acid such as acidic ion exchange resin, Amberlyst-36, and sulfated copper oxide. The catalytic performance with 100% sorbitol conversion and 52% isosorbide selectivity was obtained over AC-SO3H at 423.15 K. Although AC-SO3H possessed only 0.5 mmol/g of sulfur content, it showed the similar dehydration activity of sorbitol to isosorbide with Amberlyst-36 (5.4 mmol/g) at 423.15 K. Based on the high thermal and chemical stability of AC-SO3H, one-step reactive distillation, where isosorbide separation can be carried out simultaneously with sorbitol dehydration, was tried to increase the recovery yield of isosobide from sorbitol. The reactive distillation process using AC-SO3H, the turnover number of AC-SO3H was 4 times higher than the conventional
two-step process using sulfuric acid.
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