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Korean Chemical Engineering Research,
Vol.51, No.1, 25-34, 2013
Vol.51, No.1, 25-34, 2013
천연가스 액화공정의 최적설계
Optimal Design of Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes
본 총설에서는 천연가스 액화공정의 최적설계에서 에너지 효율을 높이기 위해 고려해야 하는 주요 공정설계 인자들에 대한 논의와 상용 LNG 플랜트에서 이러한 인자들이 어떻게 적용되고 있는지에 대하여 살펴보았다. 압축기에서 소모되는 축일의 양을 최소화하기 위한 방법으로서 단일 냉매를 사용하는 냉각 사이클을 다단, 혹은 중첩 구조로 설계하여 온도 범위가 넓은 영역에서 운용하는 방법과 혼합냉매를 사용하여 단순한 사이클 구조를 유지하면서 최적 냉각공급 곡선을 유지하는 방법을 다루었고, 천연가스 액화조건에 맞추어 이러한 구조들의 최적 조합을 구성하는 원리를 소개하였다. 열 통합(heat integration) 기법을 활용하여 상용화 공정들의 특징을 도식적으로 고찰하였으며 아울러 에너지 효율 및 경제성에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 액화 공정 설계에서 사용되는 대용량의 압축기들을 구동하는 에너지 시스템에 대한 설계 문제를 살펴보았으며 최적설계를 위한 여러 가지 요소들을 고찰하여 보았다.
The paper reviews the state of art in the design of liquefaction processes for the production of liquified natural gas, and addresses key design aspects to be considered in the design and how these design issues are systematically reflected in industrial applications. Various design options to improve energy efficiency of refrigeration cycles are discussed, including cascaded or multi-level pure refrigeration cycles which are used for covering wide range of cooling temperature, as well as mixed refrigerant cycle which can maintain a simple structure. Heat integration technique has been used for graphically examining differences of commercial cycles discussed in this paper, while energy efficiency and economics of commercial liquefaction processes has been summarized. Discussion also has been made about how to select the most appropriate set of drivers for compressors used in the liquefaction plant.
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